Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a double phospholipid bilayer surrounding its genetic material. Which cell structure is being described?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through reactions involving oxygen and the breakdown of food?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

During cell division, which structure is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol synthesis and breakdown

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder involving the breakdown of free radicals. Which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a double layer of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol embedded throughout.

Question 8

If a cell's nucleolus is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome production

Question 9

Which organelle modifies and packages proteins for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

A cell is observed to have many ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the primary function of this rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of membrane proteins

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the production of ATP in mitochondria during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 12

Which of the following cell structures contains genetic material and is surrounded by a double membrane with pores?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 13

A mutation affecting the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in the plasma membrane would most likely disrupt which property?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability to water-soluble substances

Question 14

Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

If a cell is unable to detoxify harmful substances, which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have many cilia on its surface. What is the most likely function of these cilia?

Accepted Answer

Movement of materials across the cell surface

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why tissues are important in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

They allow for specialized groups of cells to work together in structure and function.

Cells and Tissues: Structure and Function (Chapter 3 Study Notes)

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