$$W_{reduced} = W_{brain} \times (1 - 0.97)$$

Question 1

Which structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 2

A newborn presents with an enlarged head and unfused skull bones, as shown in the provided image. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Transmits electrical impulses

Question 4

The limbic system is primarily involved in which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Emotional responses and memory formation

Question 5

Which brain structure is most closely associated with the formation of new declarative memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 6

A lesion in Broca’s area would most likely result in which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Nonfluent aphasia with slow, labored speech

Question 7

Which of the following equations best represents the reduction in brain weight due to CSF buoyancy?

Accepted Answer

$$W_{reduced} = W_{brain} 	imes (1 - 0.97)$$

Question 8

Which pathway transmits pain and temperature sensations to the somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Spinothalamic pathway

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Accepted Answer

It filters out repetitive, familiar, or weak stimuli

Question 10

A patient with damage to the hippocampus, as seen in the HM case, would most likely experience which type of amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the choroid plexus?

Accepted Answer

Produces CSF by filtering blood plasma

Question 12

Which meningeal layer is closest to the brain and contains tiny blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct descending pathway responsible for fast and fine movements of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Corticospinal tract

Question 14

Which equation correctly represents the transfer of information from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM) as influenced by rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

$$LTM = STM 	imes R$$

Question 15

Which structure is NOT part of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobes

Question 16

Which of the following is a congenital defect characterized by incomplete formation of the vertebral arch, often resulting in a cystic protrusion?

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida cystica

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the ascending medial lemniscal pathway?

Accepted Answer

Transmits discriminative touch and proprioception

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of synapses eliminated during sleep and the total synapses present?

Accepted Answer

$$S_{remaining} = S_{total} - S_{eliminated}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It begins at the foramen magnum and ends at L1 or L2

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the reticular formation?

Accepted Answer

Keeps the cerebral cortex conscious and alert

Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathways

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