Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses electrical impulses, while the endocrine system uses hormones.

Question 2

Which statement about hormones is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream to affect distant target cells.

Question 3

What is the primary function of a hormone receptor?

Accepted Answer

To bind a specific hormone and initiate a cellular response.

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 5

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 6

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which hormone is most likely to be released to help retain water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

Which hormone lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 8

What is the main effect of insulin released by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 10

A person is startled by a loud noise. Which hormones are released by the adrenal medulla as part of the sympathetic stress response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells; Type 2 is due to insulin resistance.

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium, thus regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release ACTH?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 15

A patient with a tumor in the anterior pituitary is producing excess growth hormone (GH). Which of the following symptoms is most likely to develop in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and alter gene expression.

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation in females?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 18

Which of the following is a similarity between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

Both are involved in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 19

A patient with low thyroid hormone levels is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decreased metabolic rate and weight gain

Question 20

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Chapter 10: The Endocrine System – Guided Study Notes

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