Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information rapidly throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

A neuron receives a signal at its dendrites and transmits an action potential down its axon. Where is the action potential most likely to be initiated?

Accepted Answer

At the axon hillock (trigger zone)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about myelinated and nonmyelinated axons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 6

A researcher is studying a neuron with one axon and two or more dendrites extending from the cell body. What type of neuron is this?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They support and brace neurons, regulate the chemical environment, and recycle neurotransmitters

Question 8

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nervous system. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Slower conduction of nerve impulses in peripheral nerves

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination in a nerve fiber?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto \sqrt{d}$$ for nonmyelinated axons; $$v \propto d$$ for myelinated axons

Question 10

Which structural class of neuron is most commonly found as sensory (afferent) neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neurons

Question 11

A toxin selectively destroys oligodendrocytes. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the CNS

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate saltatory conduction

Question 13

A patient presents with muscle weakness and loss of voluntary movement. Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves and ganglia outside the CNS

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 17

A neuron is classified as bipolar. Which of the following is true about its structure?

Accepted Answer

It has one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, a process called saltatory conduction

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron type and function?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron – motor output

Question 20

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of myelin in the PNS. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue - Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드