Question 1

Which of the following best describes the composition of blood as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Blood is composed of 45% formed elements and 55% plasma.

Question 2

In a centrifuged blood sample (as shown in the second image), which layer contains the majority of white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

The middle layer (buffy coat)

Question 3

Which cell lineage in the third image gives rise to both neutrophils and eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Myeloid stem cell

Question 4

The cell indicated by the arrow in the fourth image is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 5

Based on the fifth image, what is the approximate diameter of a typical red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

$$7.5$$ micrometers

Question 6

The biconcave shape of red blood cells, as shown in the sixth image, is important because it:

Accepted Answer

Allows for increased flexibility and surface area for gas exchange

Question 7

According to the erythropoiesis feedback loop in the seventh image, what is the primary stimulus for erythropoietin release?

Accepted Answer

Low blood oxygen

Question 8

The eighth image shows red blood cells with abnormal shapes. Which condition is most likely depicted?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease

Question 9

In the ninth image, which molecule is broken down into biliverdin and then bilirubin during red blood cell degradation?

Accepted Answer

Heme

Question 10

The tenth image illustrates the life cycle of a red blood cell. Which organ is primarily responsible for phagocytizing old red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 11

The process shown in the eleventh image, where a leukocyte moves out of a blood vessel, is called:

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 12

In the twelfth image, which type of white blood cell is the first to arrive at the site of bacterial invasion?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 13

The cell in the thirteenth image, with a multi-lobed nucleus, is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 14

The fourteenth image shows a cell with large red-staining granules. This cell is most likely involved in:

Accepted Answer

Moderating allergic reactions and defending against parasitic worms

Question 15

The cell in the fifteenth image, with large blue-staining granules, is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 16

The sixteenth image shows a cell with a kidney-shaped nucleus. This cell is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 17

The seventeenth image shows a small cell with a large, round nucleus and thin rim of cytoplasm. This cell is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 18

The eighteenth image shows a blood smear with an abnormally high number of white blood cells. This finding is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 19

The nineteenth image illustrates the process of platelet plug formation. Which molecule is released by platelets to promote vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 20

The twentieth image shows a blood clot composed of a meshwork of fibers. Which protein forms the insoluble threads that trap blood cells in a clot?

Accepted Answer

Fibrin

Chapter 14: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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