Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

$$\text{O}_2\ \text{carrying capacity} = 4 \times 250,000,000$$

Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and acts as a carrier for various substances in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a hematocrit of 30%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Biconcave disc lacking a nucleus

Question 4

What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia)

Question 5

A person living at high altitude for several weeks will likely experience which hematological adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased red blood cell count

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the development of a red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Hemocytoblast → Proerythroblast → Basophilic erythroblast → Reticulocyte → Erythrocyte

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{O}_2\ 	ext{carrying capacity} = 4 	imes 250,000,000$$

Question 8

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal hemoglobin that causes RBCs to become crescent-shaped under low oxygen conditions is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 9

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 10

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor RBCs

Question 11

Which plasma protein is most important for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug to seal breaks in blood vessels

Question 13

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor is most likely to develop:

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the plasma protein globulin?

Accepted Answer

Transports lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens on the RBC surface

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 17

A patient with a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII is most likely to have which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the fate of heme after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin and excreted in bile

Question 19

Which of the following is a likely consequence of thrombocytopenia?

Accepted Answer

Excessive bleeding and petechiae

Question 20

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Disorders

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