Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries in the maintenance of fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

They absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient undergoes surgery that removes several lymphatic vessels in the arm. Which clinical condition is most likely to develop as a result, and why?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema, due to accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues.

Question 3

Which of the following lymphoid organs is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes and is largest during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity responds to all pathogens in the same way, while adaptive immunity targets specific antigens.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why lymph nodes often become swollen and tender during an infection?

Accepted Answer

They trap and filter pathogens, leading to increased immune cell activity and inflammation.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the complement system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of plasma proteins produced in the liver that, when activated, form a membrane attack complex (MAC) to lyse pathogens.

Question 7

A patient presents with a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) after eating peanuts. Which immunoglobulin and cell type are primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

IgE and mast cells

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class I molecules in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Pallor (paleness)

Question 10

A child is diagnosed with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID). Which of the following best describes the underlying problem?

Accepted Answer

A defect in specialized white blood cells (lymphocytes), leading to impaired adaptive immunity.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the spleen is important in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood pathogens, destroys old red blood cells, and initiates immune responses of B and T cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of helper (CD4+) T cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the function of both B cells and cytotoxic T cells by secreting cytokines.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis by macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Engulfing and digesting pathogens and cellular debris.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of adaptive immunity that allows for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

Immunological memory

Question 15

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which immune system component is most likely to recognize and attack the transplanted tissue if not properly matched?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells recognizing foreign MHC I molecules

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of Peyer's patches in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They are clusters of lymphoid tissue in the small intestine that monitor and respond to pathogens in the gut.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A newborn receiving antibodies from the mother through breast milk.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why chronic stress can increase susceptibility to infections?

Accepted Answer

Chronic stress increases glucocorticoid (cortisol) secretion, which inhibits immune responses.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of interferons released during a viral infection?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication.

Chapter 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity - Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드