Q: According to Dalton’s law, what is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$atmospheric air at sea level if oxygen makes up 20.9% of the air and atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg?

$$P_{O_2$} = 760 \times 0.209 = 159 mm Hg$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant decreases the surface tension of alveolar fluid, preventing alveolar collapse and reducing the work of lung inflation.

Question 2

A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to experience which of the following changes in pulmonary function test values?

Accepted Answer

Increased total lung capacity (TLC) and increased residual volume (RV) due to hyperinflation.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of vital capacity (VC)?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 4

During an acute asthma attack, which physiological change is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles constrict, increasing airway resistance and decreasing ventilation.

Question 5

Which of the following is a consequence of pneumothorax?

Accepted Answer

Air enters the pleural cavity, causing lung collapse (atelectasis).

Question 6

According to Dalton’s law, what is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$atmospheric air at sea level if oxygen makes up 20.9% of the air and atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$} = 760 	imes 0.209 = 159 mm Hg$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide poisoning is so dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a much greater affinity than oxygen, preventing oxygen transport.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the bicarbonate buffer system in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 9

A patient is breathing rapidly and shallowly (panting). Which of the following best describes the effect on alveolar ventilation (AV)?

Accepted Answer

AV decreases because tidal volume approaches dead space volume, reducing effective ventilation.

Question 10

Which of the following is a major factor that shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, enhancing oxygen unloading in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increased temperature, increased $$P_{CO_2$}$$, and decreased pH

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of emphysema on the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema decreases the surface area of the respiratory membrane, reducing gas exchange.

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of total lung capacity (TLC)?

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct consequence of decreased lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

Breathing requires more energy and is less efficient.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

Pleural fluid provides lubrication and surface tension, helping keep the lungs attached to the thoracic wall.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating alveolar ventilation (AV)?

Accepted Answer

$$AV = (TV - dead\ space) 	imes frequency$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Moistening, warming, and filtering inspired air.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of exercise on arterial $$P_{O_2$}$$ and pH?

Accepted Answer

Arterial $$P_{O_2$}$$ and pH remain relatively constant due to efficient respiratory adjustments.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of hypoxemic hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal ventilation-perfusion coupling or low levels of oxygen in air.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the Valsalva maneuver?

Accepted Answer

A forced expiration against a closed glottis, increasing intra-abdominal pressure.

Chapter 22: The Respiratory System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

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