$$ \text{Glucose}_{\text{lumen}} + \text{Na}^+_{\text{lumen}} \rightarrow \text{Glucose}_{\text{cell}} + \text{Na}^+_{\text{cell}} $$

$$ \text{Na}^+_{\text{cell}} \rightarrow \text{Na}^+_{\text{interstitial fluid}} ($$via Na+/K+ ATPase)

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It converts foods into raw materials that build and fuel our body’s cells.

Question 2

Which organ is NOT considered an accessory digestive organ?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 3

During digestion, which process involves alternating waves of contraction and relaxation to propel food?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 4

Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for secretion, absorption, and protection?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Question 5

A patient presents with severe abdominal pain and fever after a ruptured appendix. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Peritonitis

Question 6

Which equation best represents the mechanism of HCl secretion by parietal cells?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{HCO}_3^- $$

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 8

Which structural modification of the small intestine increases surface area for absorption the most?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 9

A patient with lactose intolerance lacks which brush border enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 10

Which process is primarily responsible for mixing food with digestive fluids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Segmentation

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absorption of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are packaged into chylomicrons and transported into lacteals.

Question 12

Which equation describes the cotransport of glucose across the apical membrane of enterocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{lumen}} + 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{lumen}} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{cell}} + 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{cell}} $$

Question 13

Which cell type in the stomach secretes pepsinogen?

Accepted Answer

Chief cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of prolonged diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 15

Which equation represents the conversion of ammonia to urea in the liver?

Accepted Answer

$$ 2 \mathrm{NH}_3 + \mathrm{CO}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO(NH}_2)_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} $$

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the mucosal barrier of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by a thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus, tight junctions, and rapid cell turnover.

Question 17

Which process is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12?

Accepted Answer

Binding with intrinsic factor and absorption by endocytosis

Question 18

Which equation best represents the active transport of sodium in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{cell}} ightarrow 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{interstitial fluid}}  ($$via Na+/K+ ATPase)

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and elimination of feces

Chapter 23: The Digestive System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

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