Question 1

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 2

What is the primary function of the nasal conchae in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To filter, warm, and moisten incoming air

Question 3

Which of the following best describes Boyle’s Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure

Question 4

During inspiration, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Intrapulmonary pressure drops below atmospheric pressure

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{total} = P_1$ + P_2$ + P_3$ + \ldots$$

Question 6

A patient is experiencing hypoxia. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

A lower than normal level of oxygen in tissues

Question 7

Which of the following factors will shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?

Accepted Answer

Increased pCO2

Question 8

What is the main function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

To decrease surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is so efficient?

Accepted Answer

The surface area is large and the diffusion distance is short

Question 10

A climber at high altitude experiences a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen. According to the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve, what will happen to the percent saturation of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of airflow from the trachea to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct result of hypercapnia?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of chemoreceptors leading to increased ventilation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the chloride shift in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloride ions move into red blood cells as bicarbonate ions move out

Question 14

A patient with a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) has air in the pleural cavity. What effect does this have on lung function?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the lung from expanding properly during inspiration

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents Boyle’s Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the respiratory membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of three layers: alveolar epithelium, fused basal laminae, and capillary endothelium

Question 18

A person is exposed to carbon monoxide, which binds to hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen transport by hemoglobin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the trachealis muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to narrow the trachea during coughing

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in an increase in the rate and depth of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in blood pO2

Chapter 23: The Respiratory System – Anatomy, Physiology, and Gas Exchange

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