Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in a bone that is cube-shaped and found in the wrist. Which type of bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Short bone

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix and releasing stored minerals during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events at the primary ossification center?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes enlarge and die, matrix calcifies, blood vessels invade, osteoblasts form spongy bone

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Two-thirds calcium phosphate and one-third collagen fibers

Question 6

A 12-year-old child is diagnosed with rickets. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A long bone is fractured. Which step in the repair process involves the formation of a large blood clot at the injury site?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation

Question 9

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons with central canals, while spongy bone contains trabeculae without osteons

Question 10

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Fragile bones and increased fracture risk

Question 11

Which bone marking is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?

Accepted Answer

Crest

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is important for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone mass and strength

Question 13

A 45-year-old woman experiences a rapid loss of bone mass after menopause. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Decline in estrogen levels

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

A connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bones, containing an outer fibrous and inner cellular layer

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the formation of flat bones such as those of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 16

A patient with a pituitary tumor produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal closure. What condition is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the main inorganic component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 18

A 30-year-old man has a fracture that does not break the skin and is completely internal. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Closed (simple) fracture

Question 19

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between osteocytes and blood vessels

Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Structure – Study Notes

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