Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the 'universal solvent' in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve ionic and polar substances by forming hydration layers.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing acidosis. Which buffer system is most likely to help resist a drastic drop in blood pH?

Accepted Answer

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system: $$ \mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+} $$

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose: $$ \mathrm{(C_6H_{10}O_5$)_n + nH_2O \rightarrow nC_6H_{12}O_6$} $$

Question 4

Which property of water is most responsible for maintaining body temperature homeostasis during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, resulting in charged ions, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 6

A solution changes from pH 7 to pH 5. What happens to the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It increases 100-fold.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts, lowering activation energy and increasing reaction rates.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges within the molecule.

Question 9

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids (DNA)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining monomers to form polymers by removing water: $$ \mathrm{$$Monomer_1$$ + $$Monomer_2$$ \rightarrow Polymer + H_2O} $$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Main component of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature

Question 12

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure due to high fever. What is this process called, and is it always reversible?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; sometimes reversible if conditions return to normal

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediately usable energy for cellular work through phosphorylation.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is a double-stranded helical molecule found in the nucleus.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water's polar molecules surround and separate Na+ and Cl- ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 7 is neutral, with equal concentrations of $$ \mathrm{H^+} $$ and $$ \mathrm{OH^-} .$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a solution, a colloid, and a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures with dissolved solutes; colloids have larger particles that do not settle; suspensions have visible particles that settle out.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which one reactant loses electrons (is oxidized) and another gains electrons (is reduced).

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드