Question 1

Which of the following best describes a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas.

Question 2

A molecule will naturally move ______ its concentration gradient, from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration.

Accepted Answer

down; high; low

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the rate of diffusion ($$R) in $$relation to the concentration gradient ($$\Delta C) $$and membrane permeability ($$P$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = P 	imes \Delta C$$

Question 4

In the context of diffusion, which scenario requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

A molecule moving against its concentration gradient (from low to high concentration).

Question 5

A scientist observes dye molecules spreading in water until they are evenly distributed. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 6

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 7

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solute than inside the cell, what will most likely happen to water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why energy is required for a molecule to move against its concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

It is moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, which is not a spontaneous process.

Question 9

A student claims that osmosis is the movement of any molecule from high to low concentration. What is the error in this statement?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules, not any molecule.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of equilibrium in diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Dye molecules are evenly distributed throughout a beaker of water and no net movement occurs.

Question 11

A cell expends energy to transport sodium ions from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires energy input from the cell.

Question 13

If the concentration of a solute outside a cell is 0.8 M and inside is 0.2 M, in which direction will the solute tend to move by diffusion?

Accepted Answer

From outside the cell to inside the cell

Question 14

Which formula best represents the relationship between energy required ($$E$$), concentration gradient ($$\Delta C$$), and movement against the gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$E \propto \Delta C$$

Question 15

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrink.

Concentration Gradients and Diffusion in Anatomy & Physiology

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