$$\text{Pepsinogen} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{Pepsin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory digestive organ?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 2

During peristalsis, which of the following best describes the movement of food through the alimentary canal?

Accepted Answer

Adjacent segments contract and relax, propelling food distally

Question 3

The greater omentum is important for all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Absorbing nutrients from chyme

Question 4

A patient presents with widespread peritonitis. Which of the following is the most immediate danger?

Accepted Answer

Widespread infection leading to sepsis

Question 5

Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for absorption and secretion?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the stomach is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The stomach has an additional oblique muscle layer for churning food

Question 7

Which cell type in the gastric glands secretes hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of bile?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifies fats

Question 10

Which structural modification of the small intestine increases surface area for absorption the most?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 11

A patient is experiencing heartburn. Which anatomical structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial flora in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Ferment indigestible carbohydrates

Question 13

Which equation best represents the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pepsinogen} + 	ext{HCl} ightarrow 	ext{Pepsin}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Most absorption occurs in the small intestine

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the mesentery?

Accepted Answer

It stores fat and anchors organs

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of chemotherapy targeting rapidly dividing cells in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the anal canal?

Accepted Answer

It contains both internal (smooth muscle) and external (skeletal muscle) sphincters

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Storage and concentration of bile

Question 19

Which equation best represents the neutralization of acidic chyme in the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Acidic Chyme} + 	ext{Alkaline Mucus} ightarrow 	ext{Neutralized Chyme}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of the pancreas in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It secretes both digestive enzymes and hormones

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Anatomy

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