Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the mesentery in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Question 2

A patient presents with projectile vomiting and weight loss within the first week of life. Imaging reveals a narrowing at the pyloric region of the stomach. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Question 3

Which cell type in the gastric glands is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of saliva that directly protects the oral cavity from bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme

Question 5

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor is at risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the stomach does not digest itself under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

The stomach secretes alkaline mucus that protects the mucosa from acid.

Question 7

Which enzyme is secreted in an inactive form and activated by hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsinogen

Question 8

During swallowing, which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Uvula

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the lower esophageal sphincter?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus.

Question 10

A patient with frequent vomiting is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte imbalances and tooth enamel decay

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the greater omentum?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring the colon to the posterior body wall

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

The rhythmic contraction of muscles to propel food through the digestive tract

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enamel is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a noncellular secretion formed during tooth development.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the tissue layers of the GI tract from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are more effective than H2 blockers in treating most peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Most peptic ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the parotid gland?

Accepted Answer

Secreting saliva rich in amylase for starch digestion

Question 17

A patient with a blockage of the submandibular duct would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced saliva production and dry mouth

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the muscularis externa in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Providing the main contractile force for peristalsis and segmentation

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients are absorbed into both blood and lymph vessels in the small intestine.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a high-fat meal takes longer to empty from the stomach compared to a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Fats inhibit gastric motility, slowing the rate of gastric emptying.

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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