Question 1

Which of the following best describes the organism shown in the first image (Image 1)?

Accepted Answer

A ciliated protozoan, classified by its numerous hair-like structures used for motility.

Question 2

A patient presents with copious, frothy diarrhea and weight loss after a recent camping trip. Which protozoan, visible in Image 5, is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Giardia lamblia

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the life cycle of Giardia lamblia is correct?

Accepted Answer

The cyst form is the infective stage and is resistant to chlorine and iodine.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why outbreaks of giardiasis are common in daycare centers?

Accepted Answer

The fecal-oral route of transmission is facilitated by close contact and poor hand hygiene.

Question 5

A woman who is pregnant is advised to avoid cleaning her cat’s litter box. Which disease is this advice intended to prevent, and what is the etiologic agent?

Accepted Answer

Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasma gondii

Question 6

Which of the following is a major reservoir for Toxoplasma gondii, as shown in the images and described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Domestic cats

Question 7

A patient with HIV develops encephalitis. Which protozoan infection should be considered, and what is the likely route of reactivation?

Accepted Answer

Toxoplasma gondii; reactivation of latent cysts in the brain

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the diagnostic method shown in Image 12 (string test) for giardiasis?

Accepted Answer

A gelatin capsule attached to a string is swallowed, allowing sampling of intestinal contents for trophozoites.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most effective method for preventing giardiasis in areas where water contamination is common?

Accepted Answer

Boiling or filtering water before consumption

Question 10

A child presents with a red, scaly, itchy patch on the scalp. Which disease is most likely, and what is the etiologic agent?

Accepted Answer

Ringworm (tinea capitis); dermatophytes

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ringworm is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by several species of fungi and can be transmitted via fomites.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why Toxoplasma gondii infection is particularly dangerous during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The organism can cross the placenta and cause miscarriage or birth defects.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct match between protozoan motility type and example organism?

Accepted Answer

Cilia – Paramecium

Question 14

Which of the following is a common misconception about the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii?

Accepted Answer

Cysts are commonly found on cat fur and can be acquired by petting cats.

Question 15

A person is diagnosed with ringworm of the nails. What is the most appropriate treatment?

Accepted Answer

Oral antifungal medication

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the minimum infective dose for Giardia lamblia?

Accepted Answer

$$ID_{min} = 10$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of Giardia lamblia in the human intestine?

Accepted Answer

The trophozoite attaches to the intestinal wall using an adhesive disk and feeds on mucus.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of giardiasis?

Accepted Answer

High fever

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why water treatment for Giardia lamblia must include boiling or filtration?

Accepted Answer

Cysts are resistant to chlorine and iodine, but can be removed by boiling or filtering.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best method for diagnosing Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans?

Accepted Answer

Blood test for antibodies

Eukaryotic Microorganisms: Protozoa and Fungi in Human Disease

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