Question 1

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasmic side is negatively charged relative to the outside, with a voltage of approximately -70 mV.

Question 2

What is the primary ion responsible for establishing the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

K+

Question 3

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which channels open and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na+ channels open, causing Na+ to enter the cell.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for potassium ($$K^+) $$ions?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{K^+} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about graded potentials is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials are short-distance signals that decay with distance.

Question 6

What is the 'all-or-none' phenomenon in action potentials?

Accepted Answer

An action potential occurs only if depolarization reaches threshold; it either happens completely or not at all.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during repolarization in an action potential?

Accepted Answer

K+ channels open and K+ exits the cell.

Question 8

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing slowed nerve impulse conduction. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS impairs saltatory conduction.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

Ensures each action potential is an all-or-none event and enforces one-way transmission.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released at neuromuscular junctions and degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of voltage-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to changes in membrane potential.

Question 12

What is the effect of local anesthetics on nerve impulse conduction?

Accepted Answer

They block voltage-gated Na+ channels, preventing action potential propagation.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between chemical and electrical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters for unidirectional communication, while electrical synapses use gap junctions for rapid, bidirectional communication.

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents Ohm's Law as applied to membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$I = V \div R$$

Question 15

A neuron receives a strong stimulus. How does the CNS distinguish this from a weak stimulus?

Accepted Answer

By the frequency of action potentials generated.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes hyperpolarization during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

K+ channels remain open, causing excessive K+ efflux and the membrane potential dips below resting.

Question 17

Which of the following is a clinical implication of opioid use disorder?

Accepted Answer

Naloxone can rapidly reverse opioid-induced respiratory suppression.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials propagate by saltatory conduction, jumping from node to node.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in, maintaining concentration gradients.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드