Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates and interprets sensory input and dictates motor output.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that destroys only the axons, but leaves the cell bodies intact. Which process is most likely to occur in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) following this injury?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells and macrophages will clear debris and form regeneration tubes, allowing partial axon regeneration.

Question 3

Which structural class of neuron is most commonly found in sensory ganglia of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

A nerve impulse is generated at the axon hillock and conducted along the axon to the terminal boutons. What happens at the terminal boutons?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles into the synaptic cleft.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v) $$and axon diameter ($$d) in $$myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot d$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter is the site of synapses and contains neuron cell bodies, while white matter consists of myelinated axons.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a monosynaptic reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 10

Which of the following statements about Schwann cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They surround all axons in the PNS and can form regeneration tubes after injury.

Question 11

A patient presents with loss of proprioceptive sensation. Which subdivision of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia?

Accepted Answer

They are phagocytes that engulf dead neurons and invading microorganisms.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons transmit impulses toward the CNS and are mostly pseudounipolar.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of neurons that distinguishes them from most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

They have a high metabolic rate and require abundant oxygen and glucose.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths prevent leakage of electrical current and allow saltatory conduction at nodes of Ranvier.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of parallel processing in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Feeling pain after reflexive withdrawal from a hot object, while simultaneously moving your hand away.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding neuronal regeneration in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia release growth-inhibiting chemicals, preventing effective regeneration.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities and help circulate the fluid with their cilia.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a converging neuronal circuit?

Accepted Answer

Many neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neural crest cells form sensory neurons, while dorsal neuroblasts form interneurons.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structured Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드