Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They support and brace neurons, regulate the chemical environment, and help recycle neurotransmitters.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of motor impulses to the legs. Which division of the nervous system is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system of the motor (efferent) division

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential of a neuron is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$, with the inside of the cell more negative than the outside.

Question 4

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing $$Na^+ to $$enter the cell.

Question 5

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 6

A toxin blocks voltage-gated calcium channels at the axon terminal of a neuron. What is the most likely effect on synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter release will be inhibited, preventing signal transmission to the postsynaptic cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths allow action potentials to jump from node to node via saltatory conduction.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during chemical synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal → Voltage-gated calcium channels open → Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis

Question 9

A neuron receives simultaneous excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which property of neurons allows them to process and integrate these signals?

Accepted Answer

The ability to generate graded potentials at the dendrites and cell body

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the absolute refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the period when all voltage-gated sodium channels are open or inactivated, and no new action potential can be generated.

Question 11

A patient presents with muscle weakness and slowed reflexes. A biopsy reveals demyelination of peripheral nerves. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytizing microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are unidirectional along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period prevents the action potential from traveling backward.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They can summate to initiate an action potential if threshold is reached.

Question 15

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. If $$the membrane potential changes to $$-60\ \mathrm{mV}$$, which of the following has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+$$ ATPase) in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It restores ionic gradients after action potentials by pumping $$3\ Na^+$$ out and $$2\ K^+ in$$, using ATP.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Axon: generates and transmits action potentials

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They transmit impulses between sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.

Question 19

A patient is exposed to a drug that increases the permeability of the neuronal membrane to potassium ions at rest. What is the most likely effect on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential will become more negative (hyperpolarized).

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드