Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It is the integrating and command center of the nervous system, processing and interpreting sensory input and dictating motor output.

Question 2

A patient is unable to feel pain or temperature in their left arm. Which subdivision of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory

Question 3

Which of the following statements about neurons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Neurons have a high metabolic rate and require abundant oxygen and glucose.

Question 4

Which type of neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

A reflex arc consists of several components. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events in a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths prevent leakage of electrical current and allow saltatory conduction at nodes of Ranvier.

Question 7

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences muscle weakness and loss of coordination. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune attack on myelin sheaths in the CNS, impairing nerve impulse conduction

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulating neurotransmitter levels and controlling the ionic environment around neurons

Question 9

Which structural class of neuron is most commonly found as sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar)

Question 10

A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand before feeling pain. Which neural pathway is responsible for this rapid response?

Accepted Answer

Spinal reflex arc involving interneurons in the spinal cord

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter is the site of synapses and neuron cell bodies, while white matter consists mainly of myelinated axons.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse conduction ($$v$$), the presence of myelin ($$M$$), and axon diameter ($$d$$)? Assume $$M = 1$$ for myelinated and $$M = 0$$ for nonmyelinated axons.

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot d \cdot (1 + M)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of axons after injury?

Accepted Answer

Axons in the PNS can regenerate if the cell body survives, aided by Schwann cells.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, engulfing dead neurons and invading microorganisms.

Question 15

A patient has damage to the visceral motor division of their nervous system. Which of the following symptoms would you most likely expect?

Accepted Answer

Impaired regulation of heart rate and digestion

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of a monosynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

It is the fastest type of reflex and involves only one synapse.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron – sensory input from the PNS

Question 19

A scientist is studying the effects of neurotransmitter release at the synapse. Which structure is directly responsible for releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bouton (axon terminal)

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드