Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They support and brace neurons, regulate exchanges between capillaries and neurons, and control the chemical environment.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness and loss of coordination. MRI reveals hardened lesions in the CNS. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction in myelinated axons.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm’s law as applied to neuronal membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

$$V = IR$$

Question 4

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which ion movement is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Efflux of $$K^+$$ ions.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential that decay with distance.

Question 6

A neuron receives simultaneous excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which process determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

Summation of EPSPs and IPSPs at the axon hillock.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is most likely to be excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Which structural class of neuron is most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 9

What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around peripheral nerve fibers and aid in regeneration.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the all-or-none phenomenon of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

An action potential either occurs completely or not at all once threshold is reached.

Question 11

Which type of ion channel opens in response to physical deformation of the receptor, such as touch?

Accepted Answer

Mechanically gated channel

Question 12

A local anesthetic blocks voltage-gated $$Na^+$$ channels. What is the most immediate effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of action potential generation.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct (fast) neurotransmitter action?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter binds directly to and opens ion channels, altering membrane potential.

Question 14

Which neural circuit pattern allows one input to promote numerous responses, important for higher-level mental functioning?

Accepted Answer

Parallel processing

Question 15

Which process is responsible for restoring ionic conditions after an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump activity.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the refractory period in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It ensures one-way transmission of action potentials and prevents overlap.

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is a potent inhibitor in the brain and is blocked by caffeine?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine

Question 18

Which type of neuron is most likely to transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of endorphins?

Accepted Answer

They act as natural opiates, reducing pain perception.

Question 20

Which equation describes the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structured Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드