Question 1

Which of the following best describes a synapse?

Accepted Answer

A junction where a neuron communicates with another cell, which may be a neuron, muscle, or gland.

Question 2

What is the primary structural difference between electrical and chemical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Electrical synapses use gap junctions for ion flow, while chemical synapses use neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft.

Question 3

During synaptic transmission, what triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic terminal?

Accepted Answer

The influx of $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ ions through voltage-gated channels.

Question 4

Which mechanism is NOT involved in the termination of neurotransmitter activity at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of neurotransmitter into the postsynaptic cell.

Question 5

If acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is inhibited, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine will accumulate in the synaptic cleft, leading to prolonged stimulation of the postsynaptic cell.

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the CNS and reduces neuronal excitability?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 7

What is the effect of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) on the postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

It depolarizes the membrane, increasing the likelihood of an action potential.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

Multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters simultaneously, combining their effects on the postsynaptic cell.

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is involved in reward, motivation, and movement control, and its deficiency is associated with Parkinson’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 10

A ligand-gated ion channel opens when:

Accepted Answer

A neurotransmitter binds to its receptor on the channel.

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory in the CNS and is involved in learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 12

Temporal summation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A single presynaptic neuron fires multiple times in rapid succession, causing graded potentials to add up.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives → $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ channels open → neurotransmitter released → neurotransmitter binds to receptor → postsynaptic response

Question 14

Which process is most likely to be affected if a drug blocks the reuptake of serotonin?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin remains in the synaptic cleft longer, enhancing its effects on the postsynaptic cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of mood and sleep in the CNS.

Question 16

What would happen if glutamate is released in excess in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Excitotoxicity may occur, leading to neuronal damage.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

A hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of blocking voltage-gated $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ channels in the presynaptic terminal?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter release would be inhibited, preventing synaptic transmission.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life application of understanding synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Treating depression with SSRIs, which block serotonin reuptake and enhance mood.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Synapses and Signal Transmission

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