$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow 2 \text{ATP} + 2 \text{Lactic Acid}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down acetylcholine, ending depolarization and muscle contraction.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which region of the sarcomere decreases in size?

Accepted Answer

H band

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis in skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2 	ext{ATP} + 2 	ext{Lactic Acid}$$

Question 4

A patient exposed to sarin gas is unable to relax their muscles. Which mechanism best explains this effect?

Accepted Answer

Sarin inhibits acetylcholinesterase, causing acetylcholine to persist and continuous muscle contraction.

Question 5

Which of the following muscle fiber types is best suited for endurance activities such as marathon running?

Accepted Answer

Slow-oxidative fibers

Question 6

What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

To release calcium ions into the sarcoplasm

Question 7

Which of the following statements about muscle fatigue is correct?

Accepted Answer

Muscle fatigue can result from accumulation of lactic acid, depletion of ATP, and depletion of oxygen.

Question 8

During the contraction phase of a muscle twitch, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the arrangement of muscle fascicles in a multipennate muscle?

Accepted Answer

Fascicles are arranged at multiple angles to multiple tendons

Question 10

Which lever system is most common in the human body and is represented by the effort being applied between the fulcrum and the load?

Accepted Answer

Third-class lever

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the length of the sarcomere and the length of the myofilaments during contraction?

Accepted Answer

The sarcomere decreases in length, but the myofilaments stay the same length.

Question 12

Which muscle group is responsible for knee flexion?

Accepted Answer

Hamstrings

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of muscle tone?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining posture while sitting upright

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely lead to muscle fatigue due to continuous contraction (no relaxation) in the muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Tetanus

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the muscle fiber type with its characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Slow-oxidative: high myoglobin, many mitochondria, aerobic metabolism

Question 16

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence for cross-bridge cycling?

Accepted Answer

Grab (cross-bridge formation), Pull (power stroke), Release (ATP binds myosin), Reset (ATP hydrolyzes)

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary fuel source for aerobic respiration in skeletal muscle during moderate activity?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen and glucose

Muscle Structure, Function, and Physiology Study Guide

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