Question 1

Which property is shared by all three types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth)?

Accepted Answer

Excitability (responsiveness)

Question 2

A muscle fiber is surrounded by which connective tissue layer?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which event occurs according to the sliding-filament theory?

Accepted Answer

Z lines move closer together

Question 4

Which protein binds calcium ions to initiate the exposure of active sites on actin during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 5

What is the primary energy source for muscle contraction during peak activity?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 6

Which equation represents the conversion of ADP to ATP using creatine phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{CP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{Creatine}$$

Question 7

A patient with muscle atrophy is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in muscle size, tone, and power

Question 8

Which phase of a muscle twitch corresponds to the time needed for propagation of an action potential and release of calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Latent period

Question 9

What is the effect of increasing the load on a skeletal muscle during contraction?

Accepted Answer

The speed of contraction decreases

Question 10

Which type of muscle fiber is most resistant to fatigue and contains abundant myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Slow fibers

Question 11

Which event marks the end of a muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin covers active sites on actin

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the removal and recycling of lactate after intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Cori cycle

Question 13

Which structure is formed by the fusion of myoblasts during skeletal muscle development?

Accepted Answer

Multinucleate muscle fiber

Question 14

Which hormone does NOT directly increase metabolic activities in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 15

Which equation best represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glucose} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{ATP} + 2\ \mathrm{Pyruvate}$$

Question 16

Which characteristic distinguishes cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Branched cells with a single nucleus

Question 17

Which mechanism prevents tetanic contractions in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Long refractory period

Question 18

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle shortens?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic concentric contraction

Question 19

Which protein is responsible for the elastic recoil of the sarcomere after stretching?

Accepted Answer

Titin

Question 20

A muscle fiber is stimulated repeatedly at a frequency greater than 50/second, resulting in increased tension due to summation of twitches. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Wave summation

Muscle Tissue: Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

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