Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

Accepted Answer

A tendon connects muscle to bone, while a ligament connects bone to bone.

Question 2

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds an individual muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 3

A marathon runner is likely to have a higher proportion of which type of muscle fiber in their legs?

Accepted Answer

Slow-twitch (red) fibers

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sarcomere is correct?

Accepted Answer

The sarcomere is the functional contractile unit of the muscle fiber.

Question 5

During muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after calcium binds to troponin?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin shifts, exposing the myosin-binding site on actin.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why maximal tension in a muscle fiber is achieved at an optimal sarcomere length?

Accepted Answer

There is maximal overlap between thick and thin filaments, allowing for the greatest number of cross-bridges.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the transverse (T-) tubules in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Transmit the action potential deep into the muscle fiber.

Question 8

A patient presents with difficulty elevating their ribs during inspiration. Which muscle group is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

External intercostals

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

ACh binds to receptors on the sarcolemma, initiating an action potential in the muscle fiber.

Question 10

Which muscle arrangement allows for the greatest range of motion but the least force production?

Accepted Answer

Parallel

Question 11

A muscle that has fascicles attaching obliquely to a central tendon on both sides is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Bipennate

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between force, cross-sectional area, and muscle tension?

Accepted Answer

$$F = T 	imes A$$

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the function of the diaphragm during respiration?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to enter the lungs.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 15

A patient is unable to rotate their eye laterally. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Lateral rectus

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why smooth muscle lacks striations?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of actin and myosin filaments in smooth muscle is irregular, not forming sarcomeres.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cross-bridge cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to myosin, myosin detaches from actin, ATP is hydrolyzed, myosin binds to actin, power stroke occurs.

Question 18

Which of the following muscles is most responsible for flexion of the vertebral column laterally?

Accepted Answer

Quadratus lumborum

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a convergent muscle and its functional advantage?

Accepted Answer

The pectoralis major, which allows for versatile movement of the arm due to its multiple origins.

LEC 4

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제