Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They regulate homeostasis, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and protect neurons from toxins.

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke that blocks blood flow to a region of the brain. Which of the following is most likely to occur first in the ischemic cascade?

Accepted Answer

Excitotoxicity due to excessive glutamate release

Question 3

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The BBB is maintained by tight junctions between endothelial cells and astrocyte end-feet.

Question 5

During an action potential, where is the impulse typically initiated in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

At the axon hillock

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why neurons in the CNS are highly dependent on a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Neurons rely on aerobic glycolysis and have minimal energy reserves.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

A patient presents with a subdural hematoma. Which of the following best describes the location of the bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the direction of anterograde axoplasmic transport in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

From the soma toward the axon terminal

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Providing a direct source of energy for neurons

Question 11

A patient is experiencing symptoms of both increased heart rate and dilated pupils. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is most likely activated?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following cranial nerves is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the metabolic composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

CSF has lower glucose and protein but higher chloride concentrations than plasma.

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosing bacteria and dead cells

Question 15

A patient with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A future cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fatty acids are not used as an energy source by neurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid metabolism produces byproducts that are toxic to neurons.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the choroid plexus in the ventricular system?

Accepted Answer

It produces cerebrospinal fluid by filtering blood plasma.

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR)?

Accepted Answer

$$CBF = \frac{CPP}{CVR}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple axons, while Schwann cells myelinate only one axon.

Nervous System Composition and Physiology: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드