Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate, process, and coordinate sensory input and motor output

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and fatigue. Further testing reveals an autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell is most likely being targeted?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between afferent and efferent divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Afferent division brings sensory information to the CNS, while efferent division carries motor commands from the CNS to effectors

Question 4

Which type of neuron is most commonly found as a motor neuron controlling skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 5

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing slowed nerve conduction. This is primarily due to the loss of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 6

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells wrap around a single axon segment, compressing their cytoplasm to form a multilayered myelin sheath

Question 8

Which of the following neuron types is primarily involved in relaying sensory information for sight, smell, and hearing?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 9

A reflex action, such as quickly withdrawing your hand from a hot stove, is an example of which division of the nervous system at work?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system (SNS), involuntary

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of cellular debris and pathogens

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of receptor type and the information it monitors?

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptors: monitor position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They analyze sensory input and coordinate motor output within the CNS

Question 13

A patient has damage to the satellite cells in their peripheral nervous system. Which of the following functions would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of divergence in neuronal processing?

Accepted Answer

A single neuron spreads information to several neurons

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It regulates smooth and cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 18

A neuron with a single elongate process and the cell body off to one side is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Pseudounipolar neuron

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of demyelination in diseases such as multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Decreased speed and reliability of action potential conduction

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord, assisting in producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid

Neural Tissue: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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