$$ \text{Amino acid}_1 + \text{Amino acid}_2 \rightarrow \text{Dipeptide} + H_2O $$

$$ \text{ATP} + H_2O \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

$$ \text{Glycerol} + 3 \text{Fatty acids} \rightarrow \text{Triglyceride} + 3 H_2O $$

$$ \text{Adenine} \leftrightarrow \text{Thymine}, \quad \text{Cytosine} \leftrightarrow \text{Guanine} $$

Question 1

Which structural feature distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from a monounsaturated fatty acid, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond.

Question 2

What is the chemical reaction called that links three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule to form a triglyceride, as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 3

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic and which part is hydrophobic, as illustrated in the third image?

Accepted Answer

The phosphate head is hydrophilic, and the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.

Question 4

Which organic compound type is characterized by a four-ring hydrocarbon structure, as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Question 5

A patient with sickle cell anemia has red blood cells shaped as shown in the fifth image. What causes this abnormal shape?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid change in the hemoglobin protein

Question 6

Which equation represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Amino acid}_1 + 	ext{Amino acid}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Dipeptide} + H_2O $$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both a polar (hydrophilic) head and nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy for cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{ATP} + H_2O ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA, but NOT in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrocarbon chains can pack tightly together due to the absence of double bonds.

Question 12

Which equation represents the dehydration synthesis reaction forming a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Glycerol} + 3 	ext{Fatty acids} ightarrow 	ext{Triglyceride} + 3 H_2O $$

Question 13

Which structural level of protein is directly affected by denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of consuming excessive trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heart disease

Question 15

Which equation represents complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Adenine} \leftrightarrow 	ext{Thymine}, \quad 	ext{Cytosine} \leftrightarrow 	ext{Guanine} $$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Forms the basis for other human steroids such as bile acids, estrogen, and testosterone.

Question 18

Which equation represents the basic structure of a fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{C}_n	ext{H}_{2n+1}	ext{COOH} $$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why omega-3 fatty acids are considered beneficial for cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

They reduce inflammation and lower the risk of heart disease.

Organic Compounds: Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids in Anatomy & Physiology

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