Question 1

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of internal organs, such as heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of smell after a head injury. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 3

Damage to the optic chiasm would most likely result in which type of visual deficit?

Accepted Answer

Loss of peripheral vision in both eyes

Question 4

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds each individual axon within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 5

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is responsible for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Chewing and facial sensation

Question 6

Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, allowing for horizontal eye movement?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Question 7

A patient has difficulty swallowing and loss of taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 8

Which nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the diaphragm, and which spinal nerve roots contribute to it?

Accepted Answer

Cervical plexus; C1-C5

Question 9

If a person loses function in the phrenic nerve, what is the most immediate physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty breathing due to diaphragm paralysis

Question 10

Which cranial nerve is unique in that it arises from the spinal cord rather than the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates fight-or-flight responses

Question 12

A cross-section of a nerve reveals multiple bundles surrounded by connective tissue. What is the name of each bundle, and what tissue surrounds it?

Accepted Answer

Fascicle; perineurium

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting auditory and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 14

Which nerve is primarily responsible for tongue movements, and what would be the result of its damage?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII); difficulty speaking and swallowing

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

They are mixed nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers

Question 16

A patient presents with inability to abduct the eye laterally. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Question 17

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the majority of parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the pathway of sensory information from the retina to the visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Thalamus → Visual cortex

Question 19

Which nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the upper limb, and which spinal nerve roots contribute to it?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus; C5-T1

Question 20

Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expressions and also carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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