Question 1

Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is responsible for carrying sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints to the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Somatic Sensory Division

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the anterior thigh. Which spinal nerve plexus is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar plexus

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of vision, and through which foramen does it pass?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (CN II), optic canal

Question 4

Which mechanoreceptor is primarily responsible for detecting vibration and deep pressure in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

Question 5

A patient with shingles presents with a painful rash along a specific region of skin. This region is supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves and is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Dermatome

Question 6

Which cranial nerve innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

Accepted Answer

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

Prevents excessive tension in tendons by causing muscle relaxation

Question 8

If a person steps on a sharp object with their right foot, which reflex causes the left leg to extend and support the body weight?

Accepted Answer

Crossed extensor reflex

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is responsible for both sensation and movement of the face, as well as taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 10

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of sensory neurons and the two-point discrimination threshold in a region of skin?

Accepted Answer

As the number of sensory neurons increases, the two-point discrimination threshold decreases: $$	ext{Threshold} \propto \frac{1}{	ext{Number of neurons}}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

It is a monosynaptic reflex involving the muscle spindle and does not require an interneuron.

Question 12

A patient complains of pain in the left arm during a heart attack. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

Referred pain

Question 13

Which cranial nerve passes through the cribriform plate and is responsible for the sense of smell?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the muscle spindle?

Accepted Answer

Detects stretch, length, and position of muscle

Question 15

Which nerve is most likely damaged if a patient cannot abduct their thumb?

Accepted Answer

Radial nerve

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the components of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptor → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → effector

Question 17

Which equation describes the relationship between the force applied to a tendon and the activation of the Golgi tendon reflex?

Accepted Answer

The reflex is activated when force exceeds a threshold: $$F_{	ext{applied}} \u003e F_{	ext{threshold}}$$

Question 18

Which cranial nerve is responsible for detecting body movement and sound?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why chronic pain can persist even after tissue injury has healed?

Accepted Answer

Malfunction of the cerebrum and thalamus may misinterpret discomfort as pain.

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between the size of a receptive field and the ability to discriminate two points?

Accepted Answer

Smaller receptive fields allow greater two-point discrimination: $$	ext{Discrimination} \propto \frac{1}{	ext{Receptive field size}}$$

Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Reflexes

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