Question 1

During quiet inspiration, which muscles are primarily responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 2

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the volume of the thoracic cavity increases during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the direction of airflow during expiration?

Accepted Answer

From the lungs to the atmosphere

Question 4

A patient with an asthma attack experiences bronchoconstriction. What effect does this have on airway resistance and airflow?

Accepted Answer

Increases resistance, decreases airflow

Question 5

What is the formula for air flow ($$F) in $$the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 6

Which pressure is always negative relative to atmospheric pressure and helps keep the lungs inflated?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure ($$P_{ip})$$

Question 7

A patient suffers a puncture wound to the chest, causing air to enter the pleural cavity. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The lung on the affected side collapses due to loss of transpulmonary pressure

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why surfactant is essential for normal lung function?

Accepted Answer

It reduces alveolar surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

Question 9

During forced expiration, which muscles are actively involved?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 10

If the transpulmonary pressure ($$TP) is $$calculated as $$P_{pul} - P_{ip}$$, what happens to the lungs if $$TP$$ becomes zero?

Accepted Answer

The lungs collapse

Question 11

Which of the following statements about lung compliance is correct?

Accepted Answer

High compliance means the lungs are easy to inflate

Question 12

What is the primary effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction, increasing airway resistance

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the movement of gases during ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Gases move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Question 14

A patient is placed in an iron lung. When the volume of the chamber increases, what happens to the pressure inside the chamber and the patient’s chest?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases, causing the chest wall to expand and air to flow into the lungs

Question 15

Which of the following is the greatest contributor to airway resistance in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Medium-sized bronchi

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the lungs do not collapse between breaths?

Accepted Answer

Negative intrapleural pressure and cohesive forces of pleural fluid

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely decrease lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis (scarring) of lung tissue

Question 18

If a patient’s intrapulmonary pressure ($$P_{pul}) is 758 mm Hg $$and atmospheric pressure ($$P_{atm}) is 760 mm Hg$$, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

Air will flow into the lungs

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of Boyle’s Law as it applies to the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

When the diaphragm contracts, thoracic volume increases and lung pressure decreases, drawing air in

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

It creates cohesion between the visceral and parietal pleura, allowing the lungs to expand and contract with the chest wall

Respiratory Physiology: Ventilation and Pulmonary Mechanics

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