Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of sensory transduction in most sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of a stimulus into a graded potential by opening or closing gated ion channels

Question 2

A patient is unable to distinguish two closely spaced points on their back but can easily do so on their fingertips. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The receptive fields on the fingertips are smaller and have less convergence than those on the back

Question 3

Which type of sensory receptor is primarily responsible for detecting changes in blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Chemoreceptors

Question 4

A person experiences referred pain in their left arm during a heart attack. What is the physiological basis for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Convergence of nociceptors from the heart and skin onto the same ascending spinal tract

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the maculae in the vestibular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Detect linear acceleration and head position

Question 6

During phototransduction in the retina, what happens when light strikes a rod photoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

Retinal changes conformation, Na+ channels close, and the cell hyperpolarizes

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of tonic receptors?

Accepted Answer

They adapt slowly to a constant stimulus

Question 8

A patient presents with hearing loss due to damage to the cochlea. Which type of hearing loss is this?

Accepted Answer

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why loud sounds are perceived as louder by the brain?

Accepted Answer

Louder sounds increase both the number of neurons firing and the frequency of action potentials

Question 10

Which structure in the eye is responsible for changing shape to focus light on the retina during accommodation?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 11

A patient with untreated diabetes develops increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Glaucoma

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the thalamus in sensory processing?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay and processing center for most sensory pathways before information reaches the cortex

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the coding of pitch in the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

High-frequency sounds primarily vibrate the base (proximal region) of the basilar membrane

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the cupula in the semicircular canals?

Accepted Answer

It bends in response to endolymph movement, stimulating hair cells to detect rotational acceleration

Question 15

Which of the following statements about nociceptors is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are primarily chemoreceptors that respond to strong noxious stimuli

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why a person with damage to the right primary somatic sensory cortex may lose sensation on the left side of their body?

Accepted Answer

Somatosensory pathways cross the midline before reaching the cortex

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the pigment epithelium in the retina?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing excess light to prevent scattering and distortion of vision

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between 'light on' and 'light off' bipolar cells in the retina?

Accepted Answer

'Light on' bipolar cells are stimulated when glutamate release decreases, while 'light off' bipolar cells are stimulated by glutamate

Question 19

A patient is unable to perceive sweet or umami tastes but can still detect sour and salty flavors. Which of the following is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Type II taste receptor cells

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between object distance ($$P$$), image distance ($$Q$$), and focal length ($$F) of $$the lens in the eye?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{F} = \frac{1}{P} + \frac{1}{Q}$$

Sensory Physiology: An Integrated Overview of Sensory Systems

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