Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They maintain homeostasis, form the blood-brain barrier, and provide structural support.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of motor impulses to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential of a neuron is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which moves $$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+$$ out and $$2\ \mathrm{K}^+ in $$per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 4

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the human body and is responsible for integrating information within the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 5

A toxin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons. What effect would this have on the generation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials would be unable to initiate, preventing nerve impulse transmission.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths allow for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump from node to node.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Acting as immune defense cells by phagocytosing pathogens and debris

Question 8

A patient is exposed to a drug that increases the permeability of the neuronal membrane to potassium ions ($$\mathrm{K}^+). $$What is the most likely effect on the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane will hyperpolarize, making the inside more negative.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials diminish with distance, while action potentials are self-propagating and do not diminish.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released at neuromuscular junctions and is degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

A patient presents with muscle weakness and is found to have demyelination of peripheral nerves. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 12

During the absolute refractory period of an action potential, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

No stimulus, regardless of strength, can initiate another action potential.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities and help circulate CSF.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of neurons that distinguishes them from most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

They have a high metabolic rate and are amitotic after maturity.

Question 15

A patient is unable to feel pain in their left hand after a nerve injury. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 16

Which of the following best explains how the central nervous system distinguishes between a weak and a strong stimulus?

Accepted Answer

By the frequency of action potentials generated

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the direction of information flow at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 18

Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as a biogenic amine and is involved in mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 19

A reflex arc involves which of the following sequence of structures?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It restores ionic conditions after an action potential by moving $$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+$$ out and $$2\ \mathrm{K}^+ in.$$

Study Guide: Nervous Tissue and Nervous System

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