Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Initiates the cough reflex

Question 2

During inhalation, the nasal conchae and mucosa primarily function to:

Accepted Answer

Filter, heat, and moisten air

Question 3

A patient with chronically enlarged adenoids is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Disturbed speech and sleep

Question 4

Which structure marks the beginning of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Larynx

Question 5

The respiratory membrane is composed of which of the following layers?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar epithelium, fused basement membranes, and capillary endothelium

Question 6

Which cell type in the alveoli is responsible for secreting surfactant?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 7

A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. This condition is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the trachealis muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts during coughing to expel mucus

Question 9

If a foreign object makes contact with the carina, what is the most likely immediate response?

Accepted Answer

Violent coughing

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the process of external respiration at the alveolar-capillary interface?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2 ($$alveolus) \rightarrow $$O_2 ($$blood); \ $$CO_2 ($$blood) \rightarrow $$CO_2 ($$alveolus)$$

Question 11

A patient with left-sided heart failure develops watery fluid in the pleural cavity. This fluid is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Blood filtrate

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the inflammation of the pleurae (pleurisy)?

Accepted Answer

Friction and stabbing pain with each breath

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the lungs are highly elastic and spongy?

Accepted Answer

They are composed mostly of alveoli and elastic connective tissue (stroma)

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the bronchopulmonary segments is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Each segment is served by its own artery, vein, and bronchus

Question 15

A patient is choking on a piece of food. Which emergency procedure uses air in the victim’s lungs to expel the obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Heimlich maneuver

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It includes all structures that transport air to and from the gas exchange sites

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Lighten the skull and help warm and moisten air

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why infections like rhinitis can spread from the nose to the chest?

Accepted Answer

The nasal mucosa is continuous with the mucosa of the respiratory tract

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of laryngitis?

Accepted Answer

Swelling of the vocal folds, interfering with vibrations

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

It covers the laryngeal inlet to prevent food from entering the airway

Study Guide: The Respiratory System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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