Question 1

A patient presents with excessive facial hair growth, irregular menstrual cycles, slow wound healing, suppressed immune system, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts, increasing kidney reabsorption, and activating vitamin D

Question 3

A person with hypothyroidism is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cold intolerance, fatigue, and weight gain

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Accepted Answer

They are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine and require iodine.

Question 6

A patient with polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia is most likely deficient in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why iodine deficiency can lead to goiter formation?

Accepted Answer

Low iodine leads to decreased thyroid hormone, causing increased TSH stimulation and thyroid gland enlargement.

Question 9

Which hormone acts synergistically with glucagon to raise blood glucose levels during stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 10

A man is unable to synthesize enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

He may have impaired sperm production and reduced fertility.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the beta (β) cells of the pancreatic islets and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Regulates sodium and potassium balance, affecting blood volume and pressure

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of estrogens in females?

Accepted Answer

Maintain bone density and develop secondary sex characteristics

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 17

A patient with a tumor in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex would most likely have abnormal levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 18

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium and acts on bone, kidney, and intestine to restore calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the testes and is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the ovaries and supports the uterine lining and pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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