Q: Which equation best describes the relationship between air flow, pressure, and resistance in the respiratory system?

$$\text{Air Flow} = \frac{\text{Pressure 1} - \text{Pressure 2}}{\text{Resistance}}$$

Q: Given atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg and oxygen makes up 20.9% of the atmosphere, what is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$pO_2$$)?

$$pO_2 = 0.209$$ \times 760 = 159 \text{ mmHg}$$

Q: Which equation describes Boyle’s Law as it applies to lung ventilation?

$$P_1$$ \times $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ \times $$V_2$$

Q: Which equation best describes resistance in the bronchial tree?

$$\text{Resistance} = \frac{\text{length of tube} \times \text{viscosity}}{\text{radius}^4}$$

Q: What is the formula for transpulmonary pressure?

$$\text{Transpulmonary Pressure} = \text{Intrapulmonary Pressure} - \text{Intrapleural Pressure}$$

Question 1

During inspiration, which pressure falls below atmospheric pressure to allow air to enter the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Intrapulmonary (intraalveolar) pressure

Question 2

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the volume of the thoracic cavity increases?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 3

Which equation best describes the relationship between air flow, pressure, and resistance in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Air Flow} = \frac{	ext{Pressure 1} - 	ext{Pressure 2}}{	ext{Resistance}}$$

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism by which gases move between the terminal bronchioles and alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 5

Which factor increases resistance to airflow in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Question 6

If the intrapleural pressure becomes equal to the intrapulmonary pressure, what is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Lungs collapse

Question 7

Which law explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in opposite directions during external respiration?

Accepted Answer

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Question 8

Given atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg and oxygen makes up 20.9% of the atmosphere, what is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$pO_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$pO_2 = 0.209$$ 	imes 760 = 159 	ext{ mmHg}$$

Question 9

Which equation describes Boyle’s Law as it applies to lung ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ 	imes $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ 	imes $$V_2$$

Question 10

Which muscles are primarily responsible for forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

Question 11

What is the effect of increased alveolar fluid surface tension on lung function?

Accepted Answer

Promotes lung compression

Question 12

Which equation best describes resistance in the bronchial tree?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Resistance} = \frac{	ext{length of tube} 	imes 	ext{viscosity}}{	ext{radius}^4}$$

Question 13

What is the main force that drives lung ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Pressure gradient between alveoli and atmosphere

Question 14

Which law explains why more carbon dioxide dissolves in plasma than oxygen, despite its lower partial pressure?

Accepted Answer

Henry’s Law

Question 15

What is the formula for transpulmonary pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Transpulmonary Pressure} = 	ext{Intrapulmonary Pressure} - 	ext{Intrapleural Pressure}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes compliance in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Ability of the lungs to expand

Question 17

During external respiration, which direction does oxygen diffuse?

Accepted Answer

From alveoli to blood

Question 18

What is the effect of increased pCO2 on bronchiole diameter?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles dilate

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life application of Henry’s Law?

Accepted Answer

The fizzing of a soda when opened due to release of dissolved CO2

Question 20

What happens to the diameter of pulmonary arterioles when local PO2 decreases in a cluster of alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles constrict

Ventilation and Gas Exchange in the Respiratory System

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