Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_n(H_2O)_n$$

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as the main source of genetic information

Question 3

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

They cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler carbohydrates

Question 4

Which of the following is a constitutional isomer of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 5

How many possible stereoisomers exist for an aldohexose?

Accepted Answer

$$2^4 = 16$

Question 6

Which of the following pairs are epimers?

Accepted Answer

D-Glucose and D-Mannose

Question 7

What is the main difference between an α-anomer and a β-anomer of D-glucose in the Haworth projection?

Accepted Answer

The position of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon

Question 8

Which of the following reactions leads to the formation of a sugar alcohol from a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of the carbonyl group

Question 9

Which of the following disaccharides is composed of β-D-galactose and α-D-glucose joined by a β(1→4) glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 10

Why is sucrose considered a non-reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Both anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond, preventing ring opening

Question 11

Which of the following polysaccharides is a homopolymer of glucose with α(1→4) and α(1→6) linkages and is highly branched?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix and is composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine?

Accepted Answer

Hyaluronic acid

Question 13

Which glycosaminoglycan is unique in being sulfate-free and not covalently attached to protein?

Accepted Answer

Hyaluronic acid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

Alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with peptide cross-links

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Acting as cell surface receptors for hormones

Question 16

Which of the following modifications results in the formation of an amino sugar?

Accepted Answer

Replacement of a hydroxyl group with an amine group at carbon 2

Question 17

Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Maltase

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mammals cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

They lack an enzyme to hydrolyze β(1→4) glycosidic bonds

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of amylopectin compared to amylose?

Accepted Answer

Amylopectin is branched due to α(1→6) linkages

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between glycosylation and glycation?

Accepted Answer

Glycosylation is enzyme-controlled, while glycation is non-enzymatic

Comprehensive Study Notes on Carbohydrates for Biochemistry

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