Q: A researcher isolates a pellet rich in ribosomes after differential centrifugation. Which speed and duration of centrifugation is most likely to yield this result?

$$150,000\ g$$ for $$3\ \text{hr}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment. $$	ext{Surface area-to-volume ratio} = \frac{	ext{surface area}}{	ext{volume}}$$

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria at very high resolution. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which passes electrons through the specimen to reveal internal structures.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the shape of the nucleus

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiont theory is supported by evidence?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, similar to bacteria.

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components through autophagy

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the separation of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the dynein motor protein. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating cell behavior through communication with integrins

Question 12

Which cell junction prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid between epithelial cells in animals?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 13

A researcher isolates a pellet rich in ribosomes after differential centrifugation. Which speed and duration of centrifugation is most likely to yield this result?

Accepted Answer

$$150,000\ g$$ for $$3\ 	ext{hr}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 15

Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid region

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between cell structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Cells with extensive rough ER are specialized for protein secretion.

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall composed of cellulose

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Detoxifying alcohol and other harmful compounds by transferring hydrogen to oxygen, forming hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

Which of the following statements about microfilaments is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of actin and are involved in cell movement and shape changes.

Question 20

A mutation disrupts the formation of plasmodesmata in plant cells. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and small solutes between adjacent plant cells

A Tour of the Cell: Structure and Function of Cells

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드