Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells and became symbiotic organelles.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a rigid cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, detoxification of poisons, and storage of calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

High energy demand, such as muscle contraction

Question 6

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the surface-to-volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

A high surface-to-volume ratio allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components

Question 12

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Support, adhesion, movement, and regulation of gene expression

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They assemble proteins based on the genetic code from mRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is most abundant in cells that produce large amounts of protein for export?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of fungal cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall made of chitin

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They evolved from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large number of lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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