Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the molecule, while a ketose has it in the middle.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides via a condensation reaction.

Question 3

Which polysaccharide is the primary structural component of plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 4

What is the main difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is branched.

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing glycogen in animal cells to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase

Question 6

A scientist discovers a polysaccharide in a fungus that contains N-acetylglucosamine monomers joined by $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages. Which polysaccharide has she most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why starch and glycogen are easily hydrolyzed for energy, while cellulose is not?

Accepted Answer

Starch and glycogen have $$\alpha-$$glycosidic linkages, which are easily broken by enzymes, while cellulose has $$\beta-$$glycosidic linkages, which are not.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about glycoproteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins with attached carbohydrates that play a role in cell–cell recognition.

Question 9

A patient is unable to digest starch but can digest glycogen. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between cellulose and chitin?

Accepted Answer

Chitin contains N-acetylglucosamine monomers, while cellulose contains glucose monomers.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why glucose is a key energy source for cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose can be rapidly oxidized in the Krebs cycle to produce ATP.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about peptidoglycan is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a glycosidic linkage by adding a water molecule.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polysaccharide and its primary biological role?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen – energy storage in animals

Question 16

A researcher is studying a carbohydrate that forms a linear molecule due to every other glucose being flipped. Which carbohydrate is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why glycosidic linkages can form between any two hydroxyl groups in monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides have multiple hydroxyl groups, allowing for diverse linkage patterns.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life application of glycoproteins in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Blood type determination based on cell-surface carbohydrates.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize parallel strands, giving cellulose its rigidity.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides are formed by condensation reactions that create glycosidic linkages.

An Introduction to Carbohydrates – Structure, Types, and Functions

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