Question 1

Which of the following characteristics is unique to animals and distinguishes them from fungi and plants?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix (ECM) and lack of cell walls

Question 2

Refer to the phylogenetic tree of eukaryotes. Which group is the closest living relative to animals?

Accepted Answer

Choanoflagellates

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the animal life cycle as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Diploid-dominant with multicellular diploid stage

Question 4

Sponges are considered basal animals because they:

Accepted Answer

Lack true tissues, muscles, and nerves

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the choanocyte in sponges?

Accepted Answer

Generating water currents and capturing food particles

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the evolutionary history of animals is correct?

Accepted Answer

Animal evolution is ongoing and key innovations arose independently in different lineages

Question 7

Which of the following is a defining feature of diploblastic animals?

Accepted Answer

Presence of two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm

Question 8

Cnidarians and ctenophores share which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Radial symmetry and a gastrovascular cavity

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why coral bleaching occurs?

Accepted Answer

Corals expel their mutualistic photosynthetic symbionts due to increased temperature

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the coelom is correct?

Accepted Answer

Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity partially lined with mesoderm

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

Accepted Answer

In protostomes, the mouth develops before the anus; in deuterostomes, the anus develops before the mouth

Question 12

Which of the following is a synapomorphy of Ecdysozoans?

Accepted Answer

Growth by molting an exoskeleton or cuticle

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arthropods?

Accepted Answer

Unsegmented, soft body with no appendages

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why complete metamorphosis is more common than incomplete metamorphosis in insects?

Accepted Answer

Complete metamorphosis allows juveniles and adults to specialize in different feeding strategies, reducing competition

Question 15

Which of the following is a defining feature of echinoderms in their adult form?

Accepted Answer

Five-sided radial symmetry

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of chordates?

Accepted Answer

Exoskeleton made of chitin

Question 17

Which of the following is a synapomorphy of vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

Presence of vertebrae and a cranium

Question 18

A scientist discovers a new animal species that is triploblastic, has a pseudocoelom, and molts its cuticle. To which group does this animal most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Nematoda

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the water vascular system in echinoderms?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates movement and feeding via tube feet

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a keystone species, and what is its ecological impact?

Accepted Answer

Pisaster ochraceus (sea star); its removal causes a dramatic drop in community diversity

Animal Diversity: Structure, Evolution, and Classification

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