Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of tumor suppressor genes in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They pause the cell cycle to allow for DNA repair or trigger apoptosis if damage is irreparable.

Question 2

A mutation in the p53 gene is most likely to result in which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division due to failure to arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint.

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in a human cell after a non-disjunction event during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n + 1 = 47$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a property of malignant tumors but NOT benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Ability to invade other tissues and metastasize via blood or lymph.

Question 6

A patient is treated with a chemotherapy drug that disrupts mitotic spindle formation. Which stage of mitosis is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why skin peels after a sunburn?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is initiated in cells with excessive DNA damage.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?

Accepted Answer

Blocking penetration of breast cells by chemical carcinogens.

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a cell being arrested at the G2 checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

The cell has not replicated its DNA successfully.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct result of a proto-oncogene mutating to an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

Increased and unregulated cell division.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key feature of density-dependent inhibition in normal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells stop dividing when they form a single layer and touch neighboring cells.

Question 13

A cell is observed to have 3 billion base pairs in its haploid genome. Which organism is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Human

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A ring of actin and myosin filaments contracts, pinching the cell membrane inward to form two daughter cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is a likely consequence if a cell fails to attach all chromosomes to the spindle apparatus during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not pass the M-phase checkpoint and will not proceed to anaphase.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why chemotherapy and radiation are effective against cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

They target rapidly dividing cells, interfering with mitosis or causing DNA damage that triggers apoptosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mutagen that can increase cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight

Question 18

A cell is found to be permanently stuck in the G1 phase and does not divide. What is this state called?

Accepted Answer

G0 state

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the multi-hit hypothesis in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

Multiple mutations in genes controlling cell division are required for a cell to become cancerous.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the Ras protein in normal cells?

Accepted Answer

Initiates a signal transduction cascade in response to growth factor binding, promoting cell division.

Cancer and Cell Division: Mitosis, Cell Cycle Regulation, and Genetic Mutations

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제