Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, which limits compartmentalization and complexity.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, no nucleus, and internal photosynthetic membranes. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis), because water moves from low to high solute concentration.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 7

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse through a pure phospholipid bilayer without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O$$_2)$$

Question 8

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, both against their concentration gradients. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 10

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, enables cell movement, and helps position organelles within the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The rigid cell wall provides structural support and prevents excessive expansion.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 14

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules in the cell

Question 15

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy stored in an electrochemical gradient created by primary active transport to move another substance against its gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It is the passive movement of molecules across a membrane via a specific transport protein.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a flexible phospholipid bilayer with proteins and other molecules embedded throughout.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Cell Anatomy and Membrane Transport: Study Guide for General Biology

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