Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of histone proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They package DNA into nucleosomes, aiding in chromatin structure.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the product of this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; two sister chromatids per chromosome

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate and spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

If a human cell (diploid number = 46) is in metaphase, how many centromeres are present?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 6

A patient is treated with Taxol, a drug that stabilizes microtubules and prevents their disassembly. What is the most likely effect on mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The mitotic spindle will not function properly, halting mitosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Growth, development, and tissue renewal

Question 8

What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin?

Accepted Answer

Euchromatin is loosely packed and can be expressed; heterochromatin is tightly packed and generally not expressed.

Question 9

If a cell has 20 centromeres during anaphase, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$20$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They lack appropriate cell death (apoptosis) and ignore cell cycle checkpoints.

Question 11

Which process is used by prokaryotes to reproduce?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 12

A cell is observed with a cleavage furrow forming. Which stage of the cell cycle is this?

Accepted Answer

Telophase/cytokinesis

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the G1 checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

It determines if the cell should divide or enter G0 phase.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?

Accepted Answer

A chromosome can consist of one or two chromatids, depending on the cell cycle stage.

Question 15

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.

Question 16

A mutation causes a cell to ignore density-dependent inhibition. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will continue dividing, potentially leading to tumor formation.

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of chromosomes ($$n) $$and the number of chromatids ($$c) in a $$cell during the S phase?

Accepted Answer

$$c = 2n$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mitotic spindle?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 19

A cell is observed with decondensing chromosomes and a re-forming nuclear envelope. Which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why errors in cell division can lead to disease?

Accepted Answer

Errors can cause uncontrolled cell growth or loss of genetic material, leading to cancer or genetic disorders.

Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis – Study Notes for General Biology

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