Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a typical cell membrane as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrate chains.

Question 2

What is the primary function of cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To increase membrane fluidity and stability across temperature changes.

Question 3

Which of the following best defines a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

A membrane that allows some substances to pass while restricting others based on size, charge, or polarity.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA within the membrane.

Question 5

What are the two major types of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral and peripheral proteins.

Question 6

Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its fluid mosaic nature?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and cholesterol.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 8

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of active transport in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ out and $$\mathrm{K^+} in.$$

Question 10

What is cotransport?

Accepted Answer

The simultaneous transport of two substances across a membrane by the same protein, often coupling the movement of one down its gradient to drive the other against its gradient.

Question 11

Which of the following processes is considered a form of bulk transport?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ions such as $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ and $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ cannot easily cross the cell membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

They are charged and cannot pass through the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

Question 13

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell. What can you conclude about the tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic to the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrate chains attached to membrane proteins or lipids?

Accepted Answer

They function in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is correct?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic tails face each other, forming the interior of the membrane.

Question 17

Which process requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport.

Question 18

A cell uses exocytosis to:

Accepted Answer

Release large molecules, such as hormones, to the outside.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the cell membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of various molecules that can move laterally within the layer, creating a flexible and dynamic structure.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a cell through a specific transport protein down its concentration gradient.

Cell Membrane Structure and Transport Study Guide

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