Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A scientist isolates a cell structure that contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down worn-out organelles. Which organelle has the scientist most likely isolated?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates that can move laterally.

Question 5

Which of the following molecules would most easily cross a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O$$_2)$$

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have evolved via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between C$$_3$$, C$$_4$$, and CAM photosynthetic pathways?

Accepted Answer

C$$_4$$ plants spatially separate initial CO$$_2$$ fixation and the Calvin cycle, while CAM plants temporally separate these processes.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. This cell is most likely from:

Accepted Answer

A plant

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the First Law of Thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between an absorbance spectrum and an action spectrum in plants?

Accepted Answer

An absorbance spectrum measures light absorbed by pigments, while an action spectrum measures the effectiveness of different wavelengths in driving photosynthesis.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement of organelles

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space, and their flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase drives ATP production.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 19

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of Rubisco in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the fixation of CO$$_2 in $$the Calvin cycle.

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis: Study Guide for General Biology

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