$$6CO_2 + 12H_2O + \text{Light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of an enzyme in a biological reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_A) $$required for a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 2

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis drives the active transport of ions across a membrane.

Question 4

Which equation correctly summarizes the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 12H_2O + 	ext{Light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH.

Question 6

During cellular respiration, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique 3D shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that causes their mitochondria to produce less ATP. Which cellular process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme involved early in the pathway.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between C3 and C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

C3 plants fix CO2 directly via rubisco, while C4 plants first incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the second law of thermodynamics as it applies to living systems?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy ($$S) of $$the universe.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids during muscle growth

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why high fevers can be dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures can denature enzymes, reducing their activity and disrupting metabolic processes.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 15

A scientist adds a noncompetitive inhibitor to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain, where their energy is used to produce ATP.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Cells use the energy released from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{NAD}^+ + 2e^- + 2H^+ ightarrow 	ext{NADH} + H^+$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why C4 and CAM plants are better adapted to hot, dry environments than C3 plants?

Accepted Answer

They minimize photorespiration by efficiently fixing CO2 even when stomata are closed.

Cellular Energetics and Photosynthesis: General Biology Study Guide

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제