Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes substrate-level phosphorylation during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, forming ATP.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 4

What would happen to cellular respiration if oxygen were suddenly unavailable to a cell?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain would stop, causing NADH and FADH2 to accumulate and glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to halt.

Question 5

Which enzyme is key to regulating the rate of glycolysis and is affected by allosteric regulators?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 6

In the citric acid cycle, how many NADH molecules are produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why electrons from FADH2 generate less ATP than those from NADH?

Accepted Answer

FADH2 enters the electron transport chain at a point where the electrons have less energy.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for regenerating NAD+ in the absence of oxygen in animal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 9

What is the main goal of fermentation in cells?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC uses high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a channel and enzyme, allowing protons to diffuse down their gradient and synthesizing ATP from ADP and Pi.

Question 13

Which of the following is a facultative anaerobe?

Accepted Answer

An organism that can survive with or without oxygen, but prefers oxygen.

Question 14

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

What is the main difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration uses the electron transport chain, while fermentation does not.

Question 16

Which of the following macromolecules can enter cellular respiration at multiple points, including glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, after being hydrolyzed?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 17

Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the citric acid cycle to allow the cycle to continue?

Accepted Answer

Oxaloacetate

Question 18

How does the proton-motive force contribute to ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

By driving protons through ATP synthase, which uses the energy to convert ADP and Pi into ATP.

Question 19

Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the regulation of cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP and citrate, and stimulated by AMP.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: A Comprehensive Study Guide

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