Question 1

Which process is illustrated in the first image, where an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, forming ATP?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 2

In the summary equation for cellular respiration $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Energy}}$$, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} is $$oxidized, $$\mathrm{O_2$} is $$reduced

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis is considered one of the earliest metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Accepted Answer

It does not require organelles, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.

Question 4

During cellular respiration, what is the role of NAD$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an oxidizing agent by accepting electrons.

Question 5

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

Where does the electron transport chain (ETC) occur in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of metabolic reactions during the complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose → glycolysis → pyruvate oxidation → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Question 8

What is the net ATP gain from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP

Question 9

Which process generates ATP in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 10

If a cell is forced to use proteins as an energy source, which modification must occur before the amino acids can enter the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 11

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 12

Which of the following statements about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

The oxidizing agent gains electrons and is reduced.

Question 13

What is the main reason that fats yield more ATP per gram than carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fats are more reduced and have more electrons to donate to the electron transport chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Nitrate ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-})$$

Question 15

How many NADH molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during the citric acid cycle (including pyruvate oxidation)?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 16

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiotic theory regarding the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have a double membrane and their own DNA.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is true?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate.

Question 18

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. Which stage of cellular respiration will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of a situation where fermentation is beneficial to humans?

Accepted Answer

Production of lactic acid in muscles during intense exercise

Question 20

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which of the following will immediately stop?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Catabolic Pathways and ATP Production

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