$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced in the overall equation for cellular respiration shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is reduced; glucose is oxidized.

Question 2

What is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration, using molecular formulas?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 3

During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP and by what process?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation by chemiosmosis

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons and becoming NADH.

Question 5

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the release of CO2 during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

Question 7

What is the main function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, releasing energy to pump protons

Question 8

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 9

How is ATP synthesized during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

By the flow of H+ ions through ATP synthase, driven by a proton gradient

Question 10

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses substrate-level phosphorylation to generate ATP.

Question 11

What is the net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 12

Which type of organism can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobes

Question 13

What is beta oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2

Question 14

Which molecule produces more ATP per gram when oxidized: carbohydrates or fats?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Question 15

What happens to the energy that is not transferred to ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is lost as heat.

Question 16

Which stage of cellular respiration is inhibited when ATP and citrate are in excess?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

Why is glycolysis considered an 'ancient process'?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the cytosol and does not require membrane-bound organelles or oxygen.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

6 CO2

Question 19

What is the main purpose of feedback inhibition in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the activity of enzymes and control catabolic pathways

Question 20

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lactate can be taken up by the liver and converted to glucose.

Cellular Respiration: Chapter 9 Study Guide and Lecture Outline

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